What it does
Useful when looking for versatile formulas: supporting hydration, the barrier, blemishes and uneven tone. Results depend on the complete formula and concentration.
A form of vitamin B3 widely used in skincare. It may support the skin barrier and contribute to a more even, radiant appearance and reduced visible shine.
Useful when looking for versatile formulas: supporting hydration, the barrier, blemishes and uneven tone. Results depend on the complete formula and concentration.
Generally suitable for many skin types; higher percentages are not automatically better and may feel less comfortable on reactive skin.
Usually combines well with humectants, ceramides, vitamin C, hyaluronic acid and UV filters.
Introduce gradually if your skin is sensitive. Persistent redness should not be interpreted as a normal adjustment period.
Morning or evening, depending on the formulation and tolerance.
Leave-on cosmetics often declare concentrations of around 2% to 10%. WAI LAB reports a product's percentage only when declared by the brand.
In the European Union, ingredients above 1% are listed in descending order by weight; below 1%, they may appear in any order. Their position therefore cannot be used to calculate an exact percentage.
Its position helps you understand the formula, but does not on its own establish effectiveness or an exact percentage.
WAI LAB distinguishes cosmetic function, regulatory context and scientific literature. This information is not a substitute for medical advice.
339 catalogue products list a recognised form of this ingredient in their INCI.
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