What it does
Its cosmetic potential depends on stability, penetration and formulation.
A tripeptide found in biological antioxidant systems and used in some brightening cosmetics.
Its cosmetic potential depends on stability, penetration and formulation.
Antioxidant and radiance-focused routines.
Vitamin C, niacinamide and SPF.
Topical evidence is still limited and does not justify promises of guaranteed lightening.
Morning or evening.
The percentage cannot be inferred from INCI order. WAI LAB shows it only when stated by a verifiable source.
In the European Union, ingredients above 1% are listed in descending order by weight; below 1%, they may appear in any order. Their position therefore cannot be used to calculate an exact percentage.
Its position helps you understand the formula, but does not on its own establish effectiveness or an exact percentage.
WAI LAB distinguishes cosmetic function, regulatory context and scientific literature. This information is not a substitute for medical advice.
36 catalogue products list a recognised form of this ingredient in their INCI.
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