What it does
May contribute to the profile of formulas for blemish-prone skin, but should not automatically be equated with salicylic or azelaic acid.
A dicarboxylic acid that has become popular in targeted treatments, with topical research still limited.
May contribute to the profile of formulas for blemish-prone skin, but should not automatically be equated with salicylic or azelaic acid.
Combination or blemish-prone skin.
Niacinamide and lightweight moisturisers.
Avoid combining too many acids without a tolerance strategy.
Morning or evening according to the product.
The percentage cannot be inferred from INCI order. WAI LAB shows it only when stated by a verifiable source.
In the European Union, ingredients above 1% are listed in descending order by weight; below 1%, they may appear in any order. Their position therefore cannot be used to calculate an exact percentage.
Its position helps you understand the formula, but does not on its own establish effectiveness or an exact percentage.
WAI LAB distinguishes cosmetic function, regulatory context and scientific literature. This information is not a substitute for medical advice.
14 catalogue products list a recognised form of this ingredient in their INCI.