What it does
May encourage shedding of surface cells and reach the follicle's lipid environment more easily than AHAs.
A lipid-soluble acid used primarily for clogged pores, blemishes and uneven texture.
May encourage shedding of surface cells and reach the follicle's lipid environment more easily than AHAs.
Combination, oily or comedone-prone skin, at an appropriate frequency.
Niacinamide, moisturisers, ceramides and SPF.
May dry or irritate skin. Avoid excessive layering with retinoids or other exfoliants; follow the product's intended use and warnings.
Often in the evening or as directed; SPF every morning.
Leave-on blemish products commonly declare up to 2%, but limits and conditions depend on the market and category. Always check the specific product.
In the European Union, ingredients above 1% are listed in descending order by weight; below 1%, they may appear in any order. Their position therefore cannot be used to calculate an exact percentage.
Its position helps you understand the formula, but does not on its own establish effectiveness or an exact percentage.
WAI LAB distinguishes cosmetic function, regulatory context and scientific literature. This information is not a substitute for medical advice.
105 catalogue products list a recognised form of this ingredient in their INCI.
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