What it does
May contribute to a dark-spot strategy alongside sun protection.
An ingredient used for the appearance of uneven pigmentation; stability and tolerance require careful formulation.
May contribute to a dark-spot strategy alongside sun protection.
Skin with uneven tone, if well tolerated.
Niacinamide, vitamin C and SPF.
May irritate or sensitise; Kojic Dipalmitate is a derivative and is not equivalent to pure kojic acid.
Morning or evening according to the product.
The percentage cannot be inferred from INCI order. WAI LAB shows it only when stated by a verifiable source.
In the European Union, ingredients above 1% are listed in descending order by weight; below 1%, they may appear in any order. Their position therefore cannot be used to calculate an exact percentage.
Its position helps you understand the formula, but does not on its own establish effectiveness or an exact percentage.
WAI LAB distinguishes cosmetic function, regulatory context and scientific literature. This information is not a substitute for medical advice.